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Chapter 1411 Four Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Why can cupping therapy occupy such an important position in Chinese medicine?This is all because the curative effect of cupping therapy is really good, and cupping therapy has many positive therapeutic effects in medical treatment.

Cupping therapy has a mechanical stimulation effect: cupping therapy creates negative pressure in the tank through exhaust, and the edge of the tank can be tightly attached to the skin surface, pulling nerves, muscles, blood vessels and subcutaneous glands, which can cause a series of neuroendocrine reactions. Regulate vasodilation and contraction function and vascular permeability to improve local blood circulation.

Cupping therapy has a negative pressure effect: the negative pressure effect of cupping causes local rapid congestion and congestion, small capillaries even rupture, red blood cells are destroyed, and hemolysis occurs.The release of hemoglobin in red blood cells is a benign stimulus to the body. It can regulate the functions of tissues and organs in two directions through the nervous system, and at the same time promote the phagocytosis of white blood cells, improve the sensitivity and tolerance of the skin to external changes, and thus strengthen the body. immunity.

Secondly, the strong suction force of the negative pressure can fully open the sweat pores, stimulate and strengthen the functions of the sweat glands and sebaceous glands, and the aging cells on the surface of the skin will fall off, thereby accelerating the discharge of toxins and waste in the body.

Cupping therapy has a warming effect: the local warming effect of cupping not only dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow, but also enhances the permeability of blood vessel walls! Wan! Book! Let's! .nsb.Changes in vascular tension and mucosal permeability at the cupping site, accelerated lymphatic circulation, and enhanced phagocytosis, undoubtedly formed a good environment for resisting biological etiologies for infectious lesions.In addition, the chronic stimulation of hemolysis plays a health care function on the human body.

but.Don't think that the curative effect of cupping therapy is very good, so the treatment equipment needed for cupping therapy is very expensive or very rare, if you really have this idea.That is completely wrong. In fact, the commonly used equipment for cupping therapy is very common and very common. The commonly used equipment is generally the following:

(1) Bamboo tube cupping: take a solid and mature bamboo tube, open at one end, and leave a knot at the other end as the bottom. The diameter of the can mouth is divided into three types: 3, 4, and 5 cm.The length is about 8 to 10 centimeters.Large diameter, used for larger areas of the back and buttocks.

Small caliber, used for joints of limbs.As for the bamboo cupping jars that are not commonly used for a long time.Too dry, easy to penetrate the air.Before use, it can be soaked in warm water for a few minutes, so that the texture of the bamboo can is tight and air-tight before use.Bamboo is produced in the south.Use bamboo jars more often.

(2) Ceramic cupping: use clay.It is made into a round mouth and a big belly, and then coated with black glaze or yellow glaze, and fired in a kiln is called a ceramic cupping jar.There are several kinds of large, medium, small and extra small. Ceramic pots are smooth inside and outside, with strong suction and pulling force, economical and practical, and are often used in northern rural areas.

(3) Glass cupping jar: glass cupping jar.It is made of heat-resistant hard glass.It is shaped like a bucket, with a big belly and a small mouth.The edge of the can mouth is slightly protruding outward, and there are 1, 2, and 3 sizes. It is clear and transparent, easy to observe, and the can mouth is smooth and has a good suction force. Therefore, glass cupping jars have been widely used by people. (4) Air pumping tank: Use penicillin, streptomycin medicine bottle or similar small medicine bottle, cut off the bottom of the bottle and grind it flat, the incision must be smooth, and the rubber stopper at the mouth of the bottle must be kept intact, so that it can be used when pumping air.It is currently made of transparent plastic and is not easy to break.The upper piston is convenient for pumping.

From this, we can see how common the equipment for cupping therapy is, so cupping therapy is a very practical treatment method for ordinary people.

However, you don’t need to look at the treatment equipment needed for cupping therapy, but there are various methods of cupping therapy. Generally speaking, the methods of cupping therapy are as follows:

The first: cupping method.

(1) Fire-throwing method: Roll thin paper into paper rolls or cut thin paper strips, put it into the pot when it is 1/3 burning, and quickly tap the cupping pot on the selected part.When throwing fire, regardless of the use of paper rolls and paper strips, they must be more than an inch above the mouth of the tank. After burning about an inch, the paper rolls and paper strips can be tilted to the side of the tank, and the flame will not burn the skin.Beginners learn how to throw fire, you can also put a layer of wet paper on the place to be pulled out, or apply some water to let it absorb heat and protect the skin.

(2) Flash fire method: Use No. 7 to No. 8 thick iron wire, wrap one end with asbestos rope or wire belt, and make an alcohol holder.

Before use, slightly dip the alcohol stick in 95% alcohol, light it with an alcohol lamp or a candle, flash one end of the flamed alcohol stick to the bottom of the tank, withdraw it quickly, and immediately buckle the cupping tank on the part that should be pulled out. At this moment, the negative pressure in the tank can be sucked.The advantage of the flash fire method is: when the alcohol stick is flashed, the flame has left the cupping tank, and there is no fire in the tank, which can avoid scalding, which is better than the fire throwing method.

(3) Drip method: Add 1 to 2 drops of alcohol to the middle of the inner wall of the jar, turn the jar for a circle, so that the alcohol is evenly attached to the inner wall of the jar (do not touch the mouth of the jar), and then use a match to ignite the alcohol. With the mouth of the can facing down, quickly tap the can on the selected part.

(4) Cotton sticking method: Pull a small piece of absorbent cotton about 0.5 cm square, dip it in alcohol, stick it to the middle of the tank wall, light it with a match, and immediately buckle the tank on the selected part.

(5) Fire setting method: Prepare a non-combustible and heat-transmitting block with a diameter of 2-3 cm, put it on the part to be pulled out, put a small piece of alcohol cotton ball on it, light the cotton ball, and put the jar immediately Buckle it up and suck it in immediately, which can produce strong suction.

The second method: the water tank method.

Bamboo cans are generally used.First put the jar in a pot and add water to boil. When in use, pour the jar out with tweezers, shake off the water, or use a folded towel to touch the mouth of the jar tightly, and press it on the skin while it is hot, so that it can be absorbed.

The third method: air extraction method.

Firstly, fasten the suction tank made of waste bottles such as penicillin and streptomycin tightly on the part that needs to be cupped, and use a syringe to draw out the air in the bottle from the rubber stopper to generate negative pressure, which can suck it.Or use an air pump to cover the piston of the plastic cup and jar to suck out the air, which can absorb it.

These methods of cupping therapy are very effective, so that you can have more choices when performing cupping therapy.

However, the curative effect of cupping therapy is very good, but there are still some points that need attention. When you do cupping therapy, there are still some taboos.

Now because of its simplicity and ease of learning, the household vacuum pumping tank has entered more and more people's homes.When people catch cold, shoulder pain.Older people will say: "Cupping." The relaxation after taking the cup can relieve or even relieve many discomforts.

However, some people have caused some new discomforts due to improper methods in use.Therefore, here we use the household vacuum suction cup as the introduction object of taboos, and talk about some taboos that need to be paid attention to in cupping therapy:

1.First of all, it is necessary to determine the physique of the cupper.If the constitution is too weak, cupping is not suitable, because there is a purging method in cupping, but it will make the weak person more weak, and the therapeutic effect cannot be achieved.

2.Pregnant women and elderly people with heart disease should be cautious about cupping.Because the lumbar-sacral-part and abdomen-part of pregnant women are prohibited from cupping, it is very easy to cause miscarriage.

When cupping.The skin is tightened under negative pressure, which is a painful stimulus to the whole body, which can be tolerated by ordinary people.However, elderly patients with heart disease may have a heart attack under such stimulation, so such people should be cautious when cupping.

3.Patients with local skin ulcers or skin diseases are not suitable for cupping.

4.It is not easy to leave the cupping time for too long during cupping (generally, the cupping time should be controlled within 8 minutes), so as to avoid blisters (especially those with diabetes. The chance of infection caused by blisters should be avoided as much as possible).

5.If you accidentally foam after cupping.Generally, those distributed within 1 mm in diameter (less than 3 in each tank) can be absorbed by themselves without treatment.However, those with a diameter of more than 1 mm, more than 3 in each tank, or those with diabetes and low immune function should go to the hospital for treatment in time.

6。注意罐子的清洁。如1人应专用1套罐具，一般每使用5次后应对罐具进行1次清洗。以防止感染。

7. Whether children are suitable for cupping, there is no systematic research at present, because children's skin is delicate.And the development is not complete, you need to consult a clinical Chinese medicine practitioner before cupping.Be safe.

These taboos of cupping therapy must be remembered, otherwise, there will be serious consequences at that time.

During cupping treatment, you not only need to remember these taboos, but also pay attention to some precautions for cupping treatment: (1) When performing cupping treatment, the body position must be appropriate. Unevenness and body movement, etc., the cupping can easily fall off.

(2) According to different parts, choose the appropriate size tank.When using the fire-throwing method for cupping, the flame must be strong, and the action should be fast, so that the mouth of the jar is inclined upwards to prevent the fire source from falling and scalding the skin.

When using the flash fire method, the cotton swab should not be dipped in alcohol too much, so as to prevent the alcohol from dripping and burning and hurting the skin.When using the cotton patch method, it is necessary to prevent the burning cotton from falling off.

When using the fire method, the button cover must be accurate, and the burning fire frame should not be knocked over.When using a boiling pot, shake off the hot water in the pot to avoid scalding the patient's skin.

(3) When using the needle can, it is necessary to prevent muscle contraction, bending the needle, and avoid pressing the needle into the depth to cause damage.The acupoints on the chest and back should be used with caution.

(4) When applying blood pricking and cupping, the bleeding area of ​​the acupuncture skin should be equal to or slightly larger than the caliber of the cupping cup.The amount of bleeding must be appropriate, and the total amount for adults should not exceed 10ml each time.

(5) When using multiple cans, the distance between the cupping cans should not be too close, otherwise the skin will be pulled by the cupping cans will cause pain.

(6) When using the cupping, do not push or pull on the protruding bone, so as not to damage the skin, or the cupping can leak and fall off.

(7) When lifting the can, the technique should be light and gentle. Hold the skin of the side of the can with one hand and press it to make the air leak, and the can can be taken off immediately. Do not pull or twist it hard.

(8) If there is bleeding from the pinhole after cupping, wipe it off with a dry cotton ball.Generally, local blush or cyanosis (congestion) appears, which is normal and will subside on its own.If local bleeding is severe, it is not advisable to pull out in situ.

If the tank is left for too long, the skin will form blisters. The small ones do not need to be treated to prevent infection caused by abrasions; the large ones can be pierced with a needle, and the liquid in the bubbles will flow out.

Among these precautions, the most important thing you need to pay attention to is to prevent yourself from being burned. Clinical practice tells us; Heat the mouth of the jar, it is easy to cause the mouth of the jar to burn the circle.Leaving the tank for too long can easily lead to white blisters.

Here, the first two are real burns, and the latter is not.

So can you avoid cupping burns?Yes, absolutely.However, the following measures must be taken:

(1) Apply water: apply some water beforehand on the cupping area (warm water in winter).Applying water can cool the area and protect the skin.No burns

(2) Flame towards the bottom of the tank: the flame of the alcohol cotton ball must be towards the bottom of the tank, and the tank mouth must not be burned, and the tank mouth should not be stained with alcohol

(3) Short storage time: shorten the storage time, not too long, otherwise it will easily absorb blisters, usually 3 to 5 minutes.Do not exceed 10 minutes at most.

As long as you keep these points in mind, you can safely perform cupping therapy.

The medical methods of traditional Chinese medicine include acupuncture and Chinese medicine.In addition to cupping therapy, there are four diagnosis methods, which can be said to be the most important treatment method in Chinese medicine.

The four diagnostic methods refer to looking, smelling, asking, and feeling.It was called "diagnosis" in ancient times.The four diagnostic methods are characterized by intuition and simplicity, within the reach of the senses.Get information directly.The doctor conducts analysis and synthesis immediately and makes a judgment in time.

The basic principles of the four diagnoses are based on the overall concept and the concept of perpetual motion, and are the specific application of basic theories such as yin and yang and five elements, visceral phenomena and meridians, etiology and pathogenesis.The unity and universal connection of the material world is the theoretical basis of the four diagnosis principles.

The four diagnostics are the main method to collect clinical data, and the collection of clinical data requires objective, accurate, systematic, comprehensive, and focused, which requires "combined use of the four diagnostics", "equal attention to the four diagnostics", and "combination of the four diagnostics".

The theory of God, Sacredness, Craftsmanship, and Ingenuity put forward in the "Nanjing" does not divide the significance of the four diagnoses into levels, but emphasizes their respective importance and the difficulty of mastering these skills.

As early as in the "Internal Classics", it clearly put forward the point of not emphasizing the diagnosis. "Su Wen? Symptoms of Four Losses" says: "Don't ask about the origin of a disease, worry about the loss of diet. Excessive daily life, or injury from poison, if you don't talk about it first, if you keep your mouth open, how can you get sick."Zhang Zhongjing commented in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" that doctors who cannot fully use diagnostic methods are "the so-called peeping through the tube".

Zhang Jingyue pointed out in "Jingyue Quanshu" that only a doctor who is able to detect the pulse should not be a person who is proficient in medicine.Only by organically combining the four garments and participating in each other can we fully, systematically and truly understand the condition and make a correct judgment.

The "Four Diagnosis Methods" (look, smell, ask, and feel) are the basic methods of TCM diagnosis.

[-]. Inspection

Observing the patient's body, complexion, tongue body, and tongue coating, and determining the location and nature of the disease according to the changes in shape and color, is called observing the body and observing the body, which can tell the ups and downs of the five internal organs. Xuan Qi has long discussed it.

"Su Wen? Pulse Essentials Essence Theory" says: "The one with the head is the house of shrewdness. If the head is tilted and looks deep, the spirit will be taken away! The one with the back is the house in the chest. If the back is bent and the shoulders follow, the house will be broken! The waist is the kidney. The house, unable to turn and shake, the kidneys will be exhausted! The knees, the house of the tendons, cannot bend and stretch, and if you walk, you will press down, and the tendons will be exhausted! The bones, the house of the marrow, cannot stand for a long time, but will vibrate when you walk, and the bones will be exhausted Tired!"

The brain is the house of the primordial spirit, and the biochemical marrow of the kidney essence is enriched in it, so that the mind can be radiant and quick thinking.

The bitter head leans forward and the eyes sink in, which is the phenomenon of insufficient marrow sea and exhaustion of the primordial spirit.The back is the thorax, the heart and lungs live in the chest, and the back is bent and the shoulders follow, which is a symbol of the empty heart and lungs.The waist is where the kidneys are located and cannot be turned, which is a sign of kidney failure.

[-]. Auscultation

Auscultation includes two aspects: listening to sound and smelling smell: 1. The method of detecting the nature of the disease from the various sounds produced by the patient, from their pitch, urgency, strength, and turbidity. 1. High-pitched voice: It means righteousness is not empty, and it belongs to heat syndrome and excess syndrome.

2 Dullness of speech: due to exogenous wind-cold, lung qi is not ventilated, lung fluid is not distributed, qi is stagnant and body fluid is condensed, damp obstructs the epiglottis of the lung system, and the vocal cords thicken, resulting in heavy voice.

2. Smell can be divided into the smell of the patient's body and the smell of the ward.

1. The patient has bad breath when speaking, which is mostly due to indigestion, and the rancid smell is mostly due to ulcers in the body.

2. There is a smell of corpses in the ward, which is mostly due to the corruption of viscera.It has the smell of rotten apples, and most of them belong to critically ill patients with diabetes.

[-]. Consultation

Inquiry is a way to ask patients and their family members to understand the existing syndromes and medical history, and to provide evidence for syndrome differentiation.Zhang Jingyue, a physician in the Ming Dynasty, believed that interrogation "is the key to diagnosis and treatment, and the first task in clinical diagnosis." Taking a comprehensive look at the evidence obtained in the four clinics, most of them were obtained through interrogation, and you can see that this statement is true.

The scope of the consultation is very wide, one asks about cold and heat, the second asks about sweat, the third asks about pain and four asks about defecation, the fifth asks about vomiting and sixth asks about palpitations, seven sufferings and eight thirsts should be identified, nine questions about old diseases and ten questions about groups, the pathogenesis is all based on syndromes. .Women must especially ask about their menstrual period. It is advisable to ask about menstruation successively, and then add a few words to tell pediatrics that food accumulation due to exogenous pathogenic factors is common.

[-]. Examination

Examination refers to a method of understanding the condition of the patient by touching the patient's body with hands.

This section only discusses Tengmai, and the rest is not prepared.Pulse-checking, also known as pulse-diagnosis, is a method in which physicians use their fingers to press the pulsation point of the posterior radial artery of the wrist in order to observe changes in pulse conditions and identify the ups and downs of visceral functions and stagnation of qi, blood, fluid, and essence.

The normal pulse condition is that there are pulses in the cun, guan, and chi, which are neither floating nor sinking, neither slow nor counting, calm and gentle, soft and powerful, fluent and even, with consistent rhythm, four to five pulses per breath, which is called flat pulse.

Syndrome differentiation by tangent pulse has been recorded in Neijing and Nanjing. After 3000 years of continuous summarization, it has been discussed in detail what kind of syndrome occurs and which pulse.However, there is no clear concept of the internal connection between the syndrome and the pulse, which cannot be understood at a glance, so that scholars only know it but do not know why.

The internal relationship between pulse syndromes can be summed up in one sentence, that is, when qi, blood and body fluid are stagnant, and the functions of the five internal organs are up and down, different pulse syndromes will appear.Only by clarifying the relationship between the biochemical transfusion of qi, blood, body fluid and the five internal organs, can we connect the symptoms of stagnation of qi, blood, body fluid and the ups and downs of the five internal organs with the pulse condition, and understand the reason why the pulse can detect the diseases of the five internal organs.

The formation of different pulse conditions is inseparable from the heart, veins, qi, blood and body fluid.The different changes in the pulse condition reflect the changes in three aspects: the strength of the heart, the relaxation of the veins, and the stagnation of Qi, blood and body fluid.

Since qi, blood, and body fluid require the cooperation of the five internal organs to complete their biochemical transfusion, stagnation of qi, blood, and body fluid also reflects the ups and downs of the functions of the five internal organs, which are reflected in the pulse and form different pulse conditions.The strength of the heartbeat and the relaxation of the veins are the root causes of the changes in the pulse condition.

The heart beats vigorously, and the pulse condition varies with the etiology and syndrome, and it is a large, smooth and rapid pulse; if it is weak, the pulse condition is often slow, thin, weak, and other pulses.Cardiac beating and pulse fluctuations are reflections of the alternate contraction and relaxation of the mesangial collaterals.If the blood network is loose, it will be soft and slow; if it is tense, it will be tight; if it is convulsive, it will be knotted and so on.

Only by analyzing the fixed heart, veins and flowing qi, blood, and body fluid together, can the essence of pulse condition changes be revealed, and there is a rationale for which syndrome and which pulse appear. It is not water without a source, or a tree without roots.Deficiency and stagnation of qi, blood and body fluid can reflect different pulse conditions.

ps: ?? Note: Thank you Jin Guiguan for molesting and Xie Zhixiu for your support, thank you!